Sugar addiction, a well-recognized form of food addiction, is characterized by impaired control over the amount and timing of specific high-sugar food consumption, accompanied by addictive behaviors such as binge eating, tolerance, and withdrawal. In recent years, sugar addiction has been increasingly linked to metabolic diseases and identified as a recognized as a contributing factor to the rising incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, leading to growing interest from academia. This article first introduces the concept of sugar addiction and then elaborates on its mechanisms, encompassing the sweet taste signaling mechanism, the brain reward system, the energy homeostasis regulatory system, and the brain-gut-microbiome axis. Additionally, the effects of addictive components in food, genetic factors, sociodemographic factors, social environmental factors, and psychological factors on sugar addiction were analyzed. Building on this foundation, the article proposes multifaceted intervention strategies, including behavioral and lifestyle interventions, adjustments to health policies, pharmacotherapy, psychosocial interventions, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapies. The proposed strategies aim to foster a healthy dietary environment and industry culture within China’s food sector, while supporting the optimization of nutritional management and diabetes prevention and control strategies within the healthcare system.