To investigate the regulatory effects of the ethanol extract of Gynura procumbens stems (EEGS) on polyuria and sleep disorders in mice, murine models of renal injury-induced polyuria and aging-induced sleep disorders were established using adenine and D-galactose, respectively. On the one hand, after urine output was measured, the mice were euthanized, and their kidneys and bladders were harvested. Histopathological changes and the expression of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson staining, and immunohistochemical staining. On the other hand, sleep rate, sleep latency, and sleep duration were measured. Experimental data indicated that after EEGS treatment, renal injury in renal injury- and aginginduced mice was reduced (renal tubular scores of 3.25 and 2.75, respectively); the collagen fiber proportions in the bladder detrusor muscle were 22.02% and 15.44%, respectively; and AQP2 expression was upregulated by 5.23- and 4.22-fold in the kidneys and by 3.26- and 2.53-fold in the bladder, respectively. The two-hour urine output was reduced by 64.41% and 51.06%, respectively; Pentobarbital sodium-induced hypnosis time was shortened by 52.24% and 47.10%, respectively; sleep rate was increased by 3.00- and 6.00-fold, respectively; and sleep latency was shortened by 78.55% and 72.73%, respectively. Compared with the model group, both chlorogenic and trans-p-coumaric acid (the active components of EEGS) were found to ameliorate polyuria and sleep disorders in mice. EEGS can significantly improve renal injury-induced polyuria and aging-induced sleep disorders in the middle-aged and elderly populations. This study provided a theoretical basis for the development of new applications of G. procumbens.