Food safety has attracted widespread attention. As commonly used food additives, artificial colorants pose significant risks when illegally added or used beyond the permitted levels. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers the advantages of rapid detection, high sensitivity, and strong fingerprint identification capability. However, existing flexible SERS substrates are mostly fabricated by directly loading nanoparticles onto flexible substrates, which may suffer from uneven particle distribution, nanoparticle aggregation and detachment, poor signal reproducibility, and susceptibility of silver nanoparticles to oxidation. To overcome these limitations, a flexible SERS substrate was fabricated by integrating silica-coated silver nanoparticles (SiO2@Ag) with nylon. The morphology of the SiO2@Ag nanoparticles was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crystal violet (CV) was then selected as a probe molecule to investigate the Raman signal enhancement performance of the SiO2@Ag-Nylon composite substrate. Finally, the SiO2@Ag-Nylon substrate was employed as a SERS substrate for the detection of the artificial colorants tartrazine and amaranth. The results showed that the flexible substrate exhibited excellent Raman enhancement performance, with a lowest detectable concentration of 10-10 mol·L-1 for CV. The lowest detectable concentrations of both tartrazine and amaranth reached 5 μg·mL-1, and good linear relationships were observed between the concentrations of the two colorants and the Raman intensities of their corresponding characteristic peaks. These results demonstrate that the proposed method enables sensitive detection of artificial colorants and provides a theoretical basis for the detection of artificial colorants in food.