A rapid method was developed for the determination of metaldehyde residues in edible fungi based on QuEChERS pretreatment coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and the residue status and dietary risks in actual samples were evaluated. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile, purified by dispersive solid-phase extraction using primary secondary amine (PSA) and octadecyl-bonded silica (C18), and separated on an HSS T3 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid in water. Quantification was performed using a matrix-matched internal standard calibration curve. The method showed good linearity for metaldehyde in the range of 2-200.0 μg/L (r = 0.9998). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.50 μg/kg and 1.50 μg/kg, respectively. At spiked levels of 1.5, 15, and 150 μg/kg, average recoveries ranged from 72.25% to 119.51%, with relative standard deviations of 0.82%-13.41%. Among 34 actual samples of Stropharia rugosoannulata, Hericium erinaceus, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Morchella spp., the detection rate of metaldehyde was 23.53%, with the highest detection rate and residue level observed in Morchella spp. The chronic and acute dietary exposure risks from these samples were far below 100%, and the food safety index was significantly less than 1, indicating that the dietary intake risks of metaldehyde were all within acceptable limits. This method is simple, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible, making it suitable for accurate detection of metaldehyde residues in edible fungi, and providing data support for safety supervision and risk assessment of its use in mushroom cultivation.