Bone health is vital throughout the life cycle of an individual. From birth to death, calcium remains essential to maintain bone health. Similarly, strontium, another element essential to bone health, plays a role across all stages of the human lifespan. As an essential trace element in the human body, strontium has various biological effects, such as promoting bone formation, inhibiting bone resorption, improving myocardial function, and promoting vascular regeneration, as well as bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant functions. Strontium helps strengthen bones, prevent and treat osteoporosis and fractures, and alleviate conditions such as hypertension. Strontium is widely distributed in nature, but its distribution across China is highly uneven. Individuals in areas with low strontium content should supplement their dietary intake of strontium in a timely manner. This study reviews the basic characteristics, intake methods, safety, biological functions, and metabolism of strontium, its relationship with calcium, underlying diseases of middle-aged and elderly individuals, as well as the feasibility of developing strontium-enriched milk. The purpose of this study is to provide a dietary reference for improving the bone health of Chinese people.