Citrus reticulata pulp is a primary agricultural byproduct of citrus processing. Although it can be processed into foods such as canned products and beverages, its sour taste and low market acceptance lead to poor resource utilization and significant waste. Recent studies revealed that its abundant polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) possess significant potential in the prevention and treatment of lung cancer. To systematically analyze the active components and potential molecular mechanisms of Citrus reticulata pulp against lung cancer, this study employed UPLC-Q-TOF/MS/MS technology to identify its chemical constituents. Combined with network pharmacology, a "component-target-disease" network was constructed. Furthermore, molecular docking was utilized to verify the binding affinity between core components and key targets, followed by core target screening and GO/KEGG enrichment analyses. Specifically, Cytoscape software was applied to build a "C. reticulata ''Chachi'' pulp - active component - target" network. The Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network was constructed via the STRING database to screen core targets, which were subsequently subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis using the Metascape database. The results demonstrated that 124 chemical constituents were identified from Citrus reticulata pulp, yielding 18 core active components and 422 component-related targets. The intersection with lung cancer-related targets generated 210 common targets, among which 15 core targets, including AKT1, EGFR, and BCL2, were identified. Molecular docking results indicated strong binding affinities between the core components and the key targets. GO enrichment analysis revealed that these targets were primarily involved in biological processes such as protein phosphorylation and the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. KEGG analysis showed significant enrichment in IL-17, NF-κB, cell cycle, PPAR, and other cancer-related signaling pathways, suggesting a synergistic regulation of lung cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and inflammation through a multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism. This study systematically clarified the core active ingredients and potential mechanisms of Citrus reticulata pulp against lung cancer, which not only provides theoretical support for the resource utilization of Citrus reticulata pulp and related research on lung cancer prevention and treatment, but also lays a scientific foundation for the in-depth exploration and development of its application value.