To understand the impact of storage conditions on the product quality of different types of food for special medical purposes (FSMP), changes in the content of nutritional components in FSMP were investigated under conditions of high temperature, high humidity, and light exposure. Five commercially available FSMPs were used as raw materials and stored under conditions of high temperature, high humidity, and light exposure for five days and 10 days, and changes in their nutrient contents were determined. The results indicated that high temperature, high humidity, and light exposure all caused a decrease in vitamin C content. Among them, the influence of light exposure was the most evident. After 10 days of storage, vitamin C content in the formula for preterm or low-birth-weight infants decreased to 94.54 mg/100 g, with an attenuation rate as high as 9.43%. High Ltemperature had the most pronounced effect on vitamin A content in amino acid formula food, which, after 10 days of storage, decreased to 2.20 mg RE/100 g, with an attenuation rate of 7.56%. Under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions, attenuation of vitamin B1 content in all samples was less than 3%. Light exposure exhibited the most evident effects on vitamin A and vitamin D contents in the extensively hydrolyzed formula, with attenuation rates reaching 3.62% and 3.80%, respectively, after 10 days of storage. In addition, light exposure demonstrated the most obvious effect on vitamin B2 and vitamin K1 contents in the formula for preterm or low-birth-weight infants, and the attenuation rates reached 5.43% and 8.68%, respectively, after 10 days of storage. In conclusion, high temperature, high humidity, and light exposure all have varying degrees of influence on FSMP. This study provides valuable insights for ensuring the quality and stability of FSMP products in different environments.