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外源酶对高盐稀态发酵酱油氨基酸积累及香气特性的影响
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1.华南理工大学;2.鹤山市东古调味食品有限公司;3.华南理工大学食品科学与工程学院

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国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目,重点项目,重大项目)


Effects of Exogenous Enzymes on Amino Acid Accumulation and Aroma Characteristics of High-Salt Liquid-State Fermented Soy Sauce
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The National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program, Key Program, Major Research Plan)

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    摘要:

    传统酱油发酵过程中,内源酶系对原料的分解效率在一定程度上限制了风味物质的释放。为进一步提高原料利用率并促进风味物质积累,本文以高盐稀态发酵酱油为对象,在发酵中分别添加植酸酶(PHY)、酸性羧肽酶(ACP)及谷氨酰胺酶(GLN),分析其对理化指标、氨基酸积累及挥发性香气的影响。结果表明,不同外源酶处理下,各组总酸含量和pH变化趋势基本一致。发酵初期,PHY组还原糖含量相对较高;60 d时,ACP组总游离氨基酸含量达61.96 g·kg?1,较对照组(53.28 g·kg?1)提升16.20%,显著提高了发酵中后期蛋白水解效率,且滋味活性值(TAV)较高;GLN组谷氨酸含量达8.11 g·kg?1,较对照组(6.15 g·kg?1)提升31.80%,提高了鲜味相关氨基酸的积累。香气方面,ACP组通过提升甲硫氨酸和苯丙氨酸等含量,促进了3-甲硫基丙醛(相对含量7.87%,对照组为3.68%)及吡嗪类化合物的生成;GLN组热处理后3-甲基丁醛和苯乙醛相对含量较高。本研究为外源酶在酱油酿造中的应用提供理论基础。

    Abstract:

    In traditional soy sauce fermentation, the efficiency of raw material degradation by endogenous enzyme systems may, to some extent, limit the release of flavor substances. To further improve raw material utilization and promote the accumulation of flavor substances, phytase (PHY), acid carboxypeptidase (ACP) and glutaminase (GLN) were added to high-salt liquid-state fermented soy sauce to analyze their effects on physicochemical indexes, amino acid accumulation and volatile aroma. The results showed that, under different exogenous enzyme treatments, the trends of total acid content and pH were generally similar among all groups. In the early stage of fermentation, the PHY group showed relatively higher reducing sugar content. At 60 d, the total free amino acid content in the ACP group reached 61.96 g·kg?1, which was 16.20% higher than that of the control group (53.28 g·kg?1), significantly improving the proteolysis efficiency in the middle and late stages of fermentation, and the taste activity value (TAV) was also relatively high. The content of glutamic acid in the GLN group reached 8.11 g·kg?1, which was 31.80 % higher than that in the control group (6.15 g·kg?1), improving the accumulation of umami-related amino acids. In terms of aroma, the ACP group promoted the formation of 3-methylthiopropanal ( relative content 7.87%, compared with 3.68% in the control group) and pyrazine compounds by increasing the contents of methionine and phenylalanine. The GLN group showed relatively higher contents of 3-methylbutanal and phenylacetaldehyde after heat treatment. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of exogenous enzymes in soy sauce brewing.

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  • 收稿日期:2026-03-03
  • 最后修改日期:2026-04-21
  • 录用日期:2026-04-21
  • 在线发布日期: 2026-08-31
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