Temperature- and humidity-controlled pile fermentation can affect the quality of tea. This study investigated the changes in the quality components of Liupao tea during temperature- and humidity-controlled pile fermentation. Tea samples of the Wantian, Cangwu group, Lingyun, and Guihong No.4 varieties were collected during the pile fermentation. The sensory attributes, tea infusion color, and major biochemical components of the tea samples were comparatively analyzed using sensory evaluation and high-performance liquid chromatography, combined with correlation and partial least squares discriminant analyses. The results showed that after 12 days of temperature- and humidity-controlled pile fermentation, the tea infusion color changed from orange-yellow to deep red, the dregs shifted from yellow to copper-brown, and the taste evolved from robust to mellow. The water extract, amino acid, tea polyphenol, thearubigin, and total catechin contents significantly decreased to 42.20%~44.89%, 2.44%~2.73%, 11.03%~14.76%, 1.68%~3.38%, and 32.13~43.45 mg.g-1 (P<0.05), respectively. In contrast, caffeine, theobromine, and theabrownin significantly increased to 34.10~39.98 mg.g-1, 0.98~2.08 mg.g-1, and 6.12%~8.23% (P<0.05), respectively. Epigallocatechin and gallic acid initially increased, followed by a decrease (P<0.05). The L* value of the tea infusion color decreased, whereas the a* and b* values showed an increasing trend. L* was highly negatively correlated with theabrownin, theaflavin, and caffeine (P<0.01), whereas a* and b* were highly positively correlated with theabrownin and caffeine (P<0.01). Among the varieties, Lingyun demonstrated the best quality, characterized by a deep red tea infusion color, mellow taste, high epicatechin and theaflavin content, low tea polyphenol, thearubigin, and esterified catechin contents, and a tea infusion color with a low L* value and high a* and b* values. These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the temperature- and humidity-controlled pile fermentation of Liupao tea.