Crude polysaccharides from different origins differ in their functional component content and structure. This study compared and analyzed the differences in the functional component content and structural features of crude polysaccharides extracted from Phellinus igniarius collected from different regions (Jilin, Hebei, Yunnan, and Tibet). Crude polysaccharides were obtained from P. igniarius using water extraction and ethanol precipitation methods. Preliminary structural characterization and analysis of the functional component content were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The results showed that crude polysaccharides of P. igniarius from Tibet contained the highest levels of functional components with polysaccharide, total phenol, total flavonoid, and total triterpene contents of 58.81%, 11.11%, 20.96%, and 4.49%, respectively. These samples exhibited the greatest thermal stability, as indicated by the highest residual mass (mass fraction of 40.40%) obtained from thermogravimetric analysis. The crude polysaccharides of P. igniarius were primarily composed of glucose, mannose, and galactose. Characteristic O-H and C-H peaks were observed in their spectra, indicating the presence of acidic polysaccharides in all four samples and revealing no significant differences in their crystalline structures. In summary, this study comparatively analyzed the crude polysaccharides of P. igniarius from four different origins, demonstrating that the Tibetan samples possessed the highest concentrations of the four functional components and the greatest thermal stability, while showing distinct variations in the chemical composition and structure of crude polysaccharides from different regions. These findings provide a valuable reference for the development and utilization of crude polysaccharides of P. igniarius from diverse regions.