The effect of continuous nutritional supplementation on the postoperative nutritional status and quality of life (QOL) of patients with esophageal cancer under the Hospital-To-Home (H2H) nutritional management model was investigated in this study. A total of 81 patients first diagnosed with esophageal cancer and who had received surgical treatment at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of our hospital were randomly assigned to an experimental or a control group. Routine nutritional management was implemented in the control group, while the H2H nutritional management model was adopted in the experimental group to provide continuous nutritional supplementation. The results showed that postoperative hemoglobin concentration decreased to varying degrees in both groups; however, the experimental group had a lower concentration at 3 days postoperatively than the control group (P=0.037). The concentrations of serum albumin (38.2 g•L-1) and prealbumin (256.7 g•L-1) at 3 days postoperatively were higher in the experimental than in the control group (36.3 and 180.9 g•L-1, respectively; both P<0.05). In both groups, total protein and prealbumin concentrations decreased postoperatively, followed by a gradual increase after discharge, with the experimental group showing a steeper overall trend than the control group. QOL assessment indicated that the experimental group achieved significantly higher scores in physical functioning (81.7 vs 70.2), emotional functioning (85.5 vs 75.0), and overall health (73.0 vs 62.8) at 6 months postoperatively than the control group (all P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that continuous nutritional supplementation based on the H2H nutritional management model simultaneously enhances postoperative nutritional status and QOL in esophageal cancer patients, thereby improving postoperative outcomes. The H2H nutritional management model can serve as a reference for long-term nutritional management of postoperative cancer patients.