With a focus on four Ziziphus jujuba varieties, including Junzao, Huizao, Yaozao, and Ruoqiangzao, this study reports the preparation of four jujube polysaccharides JP, HP, YP, and RP by water extraction and ethanol precipitation as well as a comparison of their structures and functional properties. The polysaccharide yield ranged from 5.71% to 7.01%. All polysaccharides were acidic, with 34.80%~48.61% uronic acid content and 29.17~140.71 kDa molecular weight. The polysaccharides from Z. jujube were composed of galactose, glucose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, and mannose in different molar ratios, with galactose and arabinose being the predominant monosaccharides. The UV and IR absorption spectra exhibited characteristic peaks typical of polysaccharides. The polysaccharides from Z. jujuba demonstrate excellent water holding, oil holding, emulsifying properties, and biological activity. YP has stronger free radical scavenging abilities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine, 2,2,-diazobis (3-ethylbenzothia zolin-6-sulfonic acid), and hydroxyl radicals (IC50:0.20, 7.00×10-2, and 0.59 mg/mL, respectively). The polysaccharides from Z. jujuba showed different cell proliferation activities and cytokine secretion abilities on RAW264.7 macrophages. Among them, JP significantly enhanced cell proliferation (P<0.05). All polysaccharides significantly promoted IL-1βsecretion (P<0.01), and RP and HP significantly contributed to TNF-α secretion (P<0.01). In conclusion, the results showed that the polysaccharides from Z. jujuba have different application potential. This study serves as a reference for studying the structure–activity relationship of polysaccharides of different Z. jujuba varieties as well as the efficient development and utilization of such resources.