The quality of plant-based agricultural products is closely related to the production environment, which is highly susceptible to special geographical factors such as soil, climate, and water sources in the production area. China has diverse agricultural divisions and abundant regionally characteristic agricultural resources. However, due to reasons such as unclear characteristic markers, lack of thresholds for physicochemical indicators, and weak foundation work on product identification and identity, the industrialization development level of many characteristic and high-quality agricultural products is generally not high, and the extension of the industrial chain and value chain is insufficient. Origin tracing has become one of the important technical supports for classifying and grading production areas and protecting highquality and characteristic agricultural products. This article elaborates the concept and significance of origin traceability for agricultural products, and summarizes and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of origin traceability technologies such as near-infrared spectroscopy, organic component analysis, mineral element fingerprinting, stable isotope analysis, intelligent sensory systems, molecular biology, and metabolomics analysis, as well as the commonly used chemometric methods in origin tracing. The recent application progress of these origin traceability technologies in identifying the origin of agricultural products is also reviewed, in order to provide some references for promoting the high-quality development of regional agricultural products.