Hyperuricemia (HUA), a metabolic disorder, is not only associated with gout but also represents an independent risk factor for numerous systemic diseases, such as kidney, endocrine, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders. Recently, numerous epidemiological studies and clinical observations have indicated that the considerable increase in fructose consumption, particularly through the widespread consumption of soft drinks, is closely linked to the occurrence and progression of HUA. At the metabolic level, fructose can generate urate precursors in the liver during metabolism, and it interferes with the uric acid excretion process in the kidneys, leading to an increase in serum uric acid levels. Furthermore, fructose may indirectly affect urate metabolism through its impact on insulin sensitivity and the risk of obesity. Although existing research has already revealed the association between fructose and HUA, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. This review investigates the impact of fructose on HUA and its underlying mechanisms, aiming to deepen our understanding of the relationship between fructose and HUA and provide theoretical support for dietary intervention strategies for HUA.