Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a functional substance for improving memory, which waswas included in the catalogue of new resource foods in 2010. At present, it has been mainly used in health care products or nutritional products such as capsules, tablets, oral liquids, and milk powder. In recent years, food enterprises have added phosphatidylserine as a nutritional supplement to food. However, domestic inspection standards for the content of PS content in food have not been promulgated, and it is impossible to verify whether the actual content is consistent with the labeled. Accordingly, this paper will discusss the efficacy of PS, the current status of domestic and international laws and regulations, and the research progress of detection technologies. The domestic and foreign laws and regulations include those from China, the European Union, the United States, Canada, Japan, and South Korea. The detection methods discussed include colorimetry, thin-layer chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (LC-MS). Among these methods, the HPLC-evaporative light scattering method is the most commonly used detection method. By analyzing the differences in domestic and foreign regulations and comprehensively comparison of multiple detection methods and coupling techniques, this paper provides a reference for the establishment more sensitive, accurate, and efficient detection technologies, and promotes the establishment and implementation of domestic PS-related product standards and inspection standards.