The antioxidant capacity of Amomum tsao-ko (A. tsao-ko) lipids and their effects on diabetes in mice induced by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (ALX) (200 mg/kg) were investigated to provide support for both blood glucose reduction and organ damage prevention in diabetes. The antioxidant capacity of A. tsao-ko lipids was evaluated by measuring the scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ammonium salt (ABTS+) free radicals. Diabetic mice were fed a standard diet supplemented with (ALX+A. tsao-ko group) and without (ALX model group) A. tsao-ko lipids (500 mg/kg) for 28 days, and their body weight, blood glucose levels, and blood lipid parameters were measured. The results showed that A. tsao-ko lipids exhibit ABTS+ and DPPH scavenging rates of 97.21% and 98.13%, respectively, at a concentration of 16 μg/mL. The weight loss in the ALX+A. tsao-ko group was not significant (P>0.05), but a decreasing trend in the blood glucose level was observed from 0 d to 7 d (P<0.05). The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) content in blood lipids in the ALX+A. tsao-ko group increased significantly (P<0.05), while the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) content decreased significantly (P<0.05) at the end of the feeding period (28 d). In conclusion, A. tsao-ko lipids have strong antioxidant activity and can effectively control weight loss in diabetic mice to reduce blood sugar, regulate blood lipids, alleviate organ damage, and support liver metabolism. Therefore, A. tsao-ko lipids can be developed and utilized as a hypoglycemic agent for diabetes and to control its deterioration.