To investigate the therapeutic effects of Rosa roxburghii juice from different altitudes on the glycolipid metabolism and oxidative damages in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), T2DM mouse models were established using high fat and high sugar diets combined with streptozotocin (STZ). The mice were divided into the blank group (NC), the model group (MC), the high-altitude R. roxburghii juice-treated group (HF), the medium-altitude R. roxburghii juice-treated group (MF), the low-altitude R. roxburghii juice-treated group (DF) and the control group (PC), each of which contained 10 mice. The feed intake, water intake, body weight, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) of the mice were measured during the 28 day intervention, which was followed by dissection to measure the glucose tolerance and the glycosylated serum protein (GSP) and glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) contents. In addition, the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) contents in the serum, kidney and liver were determined. The liver tissues from each group were observed by hematoxylin & eosin (HE) staining. The results show that all-altitude R. roxburghii juice reduces the FBG, GSP, GHb, TG, TC, LDL-C, and MDA contents, but increases the CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px activities and the HDL-C level. Compared with those in the MC group, the liver CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px activities in the HF group increase by 151.27%, 63.79%, and 67.46% respectively. HE staining results demonstrate that liver tissue damages are alleviated in all R. roxburghii juice-treated groups. The results indicate that Rosa roxburghii juice from all altitudes can, to a certain degree, improve glycolipid metabolism disorder and oxidative stress homeostasis in T2DM mice.