Different polar concentrations of Ficus carica latex were obtained by systematic solvent extraction, and a high glucose human umbilical vein endothelial cell (Huvec) model was established. The MTT assay, scratch test, Transwell invasion test, apoptosis detection by flow cytometry, angiogenesis test, and ELISA were used to investigate the detrimental effects and mechanism of action of high glucose on Huvec and the protective effect of Ficus carica latex. The rate of proliferation, migration, and invasion of Huvec decreased to 76.04%, 28.36%, and 22.09% (p<0.001), respectively. The rate of apoptosis increased to 24.23% (p<0.001), and angiogenesis decreased in 48 h under a high glucose environment. Contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) increased to 20.96 μg/L, 90.03 ng/L, and 839.41 ng/L (p<0.01), respectively. The concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) decreased to 3.52 μg/L, 184.75 μmol/L, and 0.59 IU/mL (p<0.01), respectively. The extracts of petroleum ether from Ficus carica latex (100, 200, and 400 mg/L) increased the proliferation, migration, and invasion of Huvec; reduced the rate of apoptosis (p<0.001); and restored disturbed vascular blood flow. Petroleum ether extract of Ficus carica latex can reduce Huvec damage caused by high levels of glucose, demonstrating an obvious protective effect.