Based on the comparison of acid esterification and alkali esterification pretreatments, the main kinds, relative contents and proportions of fatty acids of Camellia oleifera seeds oil from Hunan, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Guangxi and Hainan were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that except for oleic acid, pentadecanoic acid, erucic acid, tricosanoic acid and tetracosenoic acid, there were significant differences in other fatty acids compared by esterification and alkali esterification pretreatments (p<0.05). And the acid esterification method was more suitable for the detection of fatty acids in Camellia oil. The highest contents of myristic acid, heptadecanoic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, erucic acid and tetracosenoic acid in Camellia oil were from Hunan, which were 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.20%, 0.09%, 0.17%, and 0.07%, respectively. The highest content of palmitoleic acid was from Guangdong, which was 0.12%. The highest content of palmitic acid was from Guangxi, which was 12.97%. The highest content of linoleic acid was from Jiangxi, which was 15.58%. The highest contents of stearic acid and oleic acid were both from Hainan, which were 3.74% and 73.70%, respectively. Camellia oleifera seeds oil has different nutritional characteristics in different producing areas. Camellia oils from Guangdong and Jiangxi had the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid contents, which were 15.33 % and 15.67 %, respectively; Camellia oils from Yunnan had the 85.74% total unsaturated fatty acids. Camellia oils from Hunan and Hainan were stable and easy to preserve. This study provides theoretical basis and reference information for understanding the nutritional value difference of Camellia oleifera in the main producing areas of China.