This study investigated the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of non-starch polysaccharide from dolichos lablab L (NS-DLP) in type Ⅱ diabetic rats. A type Ⅱ diabetic rat model was established and a NS-DLP gavage intervention was used. After the 4-week administration, the pathological changes in the pancreatic tissues of each group of rats were examined, and their fasting blood glucose, blood lipids, serum insulin, pancreatic inflammatory factors and oxidative stress parameters were also determined. The results showed that compared with the model group, the fasting blood glucose and serum triglyceride levels of the diabetic rats with a NS-DLP high-dose treatment (100 mg/kg bw) were significantly reduced by 10.36% and 29.93%, respectively. Pathological experiments revealed that the area and cell number of pancreatic islets increased in the NS-DLP high-dose group. Moreover, the levels of serum insulin and pancreatic malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the NS-DLP high-group were significantly reduced by 26.36%, 39.13%, 41.18% and 47.18%, respectively, whilst the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase increased significantly (by 10.38% and 148.03%, respectively). Accordingly, the administration with NS-DLP could exert hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in type Ⅱ diabetic rats, through improving pathological changes in pancreatic tissues, reducing insulin resistance, decreasing pancreatic inflammation, and inhibiting pancreatic oxidative stress.