In the present study, the nutritional components of Bambusa emeiensisi shoots were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the antioxidant activity was systematically investigated by elimination of DPPH?, O2-?and OH?, reducing power and total oxidation resistance. The results showed that a total of 75 metabolites were identified in GC-MS metabolome, among which the main metabolites with more than 10% content were carbohydrate, such as glucose (34.98%), fructose (19.18%) and sucrose (14.99%), and the relative contents of another 9 metabolites were more than 1%. A total of 226 metabolites were detected in LC-MS/MS metabolome, the highest relative content of which was organic acids. The relative content of 16 metabolites was greater than 0.5%, and there were 9 metabolites whose relative content was greater than 1%. The antioxidant activity results showed that the content of the extracts was positively correlated with the free radical scavenging capacity, relative reducing capacity and total antioxidant capacity, among which the DPPH scavenging rate of the 1 mg/mL extract was 82.70%, the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate was 89.70%, the superoxide radical scavenging rate was 43.80%, the relative reducing power was 27.90%, and the FRAP value was 100.10 mol/L. B. emeiensisi shoots are rich in sugars, organic acids, amino acids and other components and exhibit high antioxidant activity, so they have a great prospect in the processing of functional food.