In order to determine the effect of Channa argus collagen peptide (CP) of self-assemble aggregation on the change of structure and characteristics at 6 different ionic strengths, the intrinsic fluorescence, turbidity, microstructure, diameter, viscosity and secondary structure of the aggregate were measured. The results showed that the self-assembly and aggregation of CP can be promoted by ionic strength at the range of 0~500 mM, and the aggregation rate was increased with the increasing ionic strength. The three-dimensional network compactness of CP self-assembly increased, and the average particle size of the aggregate increased by 74.42%, and the maximum shear viscosity increased at the range of 0~150 mM. The three-dimensional network compactness of CP decreased, the average particle size of the aggregate decreased, and the maximum shear viscosity decreased by 21.39% at the range of 150~500 mM of ionic strength. However, the secondary structure of CP had not changed significantly. In conclusion, the self-assembly process of CP can be promoted and its structure and physicochemical properties can be effectively improved when the ionic strength of samples was moderately increased. The results of this study can provide a reference for the further application of CP in the preparation of drug carriers.