In this work, the protective effect of tea branch orange peel polysaccharide H2O2 on human neural cell U251 was investigated. The polysaccharide was extracted by acid method and further purified. To The injury model of human neural cell U251 was established to detect the cell proliferation rate. The cell survival rate was calculated and the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and glutathione (GSH) were measured by the intervention of 0.30 mg/mL, 0.60 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL and 2.50 mg/mL tea branch orange peel polysaccharide. The relative molecular weight of cpa-i was 7.96×104. The proliferation rate of 20, 50, 180 and 375 μmol/L H2O2 cells were 91.60%, 84.40%, 60.00%, 37.40% and 12.30% respectively, which was statistically different from that of the control group (p<0.05). The optimal concentration of H2O2 (180.0 μmol/L) for the injury of U251 cells. The cell survival rates of 0.30, 0.60, 1.25 and 2.50 mg/mL tea branch orange peel polysaccharide cells were 64.30%, 76.10%, 93.40% and 98.20%, respectively, which were higher than that of the model group (53.00%, p<0.05). The 2.50 mg/ml tea branch orange peel polysaccharide had the most obvious effect on cell injury model, and the strongest antioxidant effect. Tea branch orange peel polysaccharide had a certain protective effect on human neural cell U251 induced by H2O2, and played an antioxidant role by regulating the levels of SOD, GSH Px, GSH and MDA.