“Bethekxin” melon is a typical climacteric fruit that softens rapidly 3 to 5 days after harvest. Treatment of “Besekxin” melon with 1 μL/L 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and 300 mg/kg ethephon to study the softening mechanism of “Bethekxin” melon and analyze the hardness and pectin substance Changes in the content, cellulose degradation, cellulase (Cx), β-glucosidase (β-Glu), polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methylesterase (PME) activity. The results showed that the 1-MCP treatment group delayed the decrease of melon hardness, and the original pectin and cellulose content were significantly higher than that of the control and ethephon treatment. The original pectin was 22% higher than the control group (p<0.05), and the cellulose content was 26.13% higher than the control group (p<0.05). The activity of PG, PME, Cx and β-Glu treated by 1-MCP was significantly lower than that of the control and ethylene. Processing group. The activities of PG, PME, Cx and β-Glu were lower than those of the control group. The peak enzyme activity was 8.92%, 25.73%, 32.45% and 14.82% lower than the control group. The activities of PG, Cx and β-Glu in ethephon treatment were higher than those in the control group, and the peak of enzyme activity was 2.84%, 21.83% and 14.95% higher than that of the control group. With the increase of storage time, 1-MCP treatment slowed the cell softening process by regulating the activity of “Bethekxin” melon pectin, cellulose content and cell wall degrading enzyme, and improved the storage quality of “Bethekxin” melon.