The volatile components of Kaempferia galanga L. from Guizhou were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with solid phase microextraction (SPME). The volatile components were also compared with those of Kaempferia galanga L. from Guangxi using the same techniques in combination with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The volatile components of Kaempferia galanga L. from Guizhou were different from those from Guangxi. The main components were estragole, followed by 5(1H)-azulenone, 2,4,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,8-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethylidene), and seychellene. Using the peak area normalization method, the detectable components with over 90% matching were statistically analyzed. Notably, 47 volatile components were detected in Kaempferia galanga L. from Guizhou, and the three major components comprised most of the contents: estragole at 61.53%, 5(1H)-azulenone, 2,4,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3, 8-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethylidene) at 15.54%, and seychellene at 7.19%. Moreover, the 47 identified volatile components included ethers (4), ketones (3), terpenoids (28), phenolic compounds (3), alcohols (2), esters (2), aldehydes (2), and hydrocarbons (3). Among them, ethers, ketones, and terpenoids comprised 62.22%, 15.83%, and 13.68% of the total composition, respectively.