The nutritional components of Pyrus sinkiangensis cv. Piteguo were analyzed and evaluated. Results showed that the contents of water, total ash, crude fat, protein, total sugar, total acid, crude fiber and total soluble solid were 88.2%, 3.3%, 0.82%, 0.38%, 6.47%, 1.05%, 3.05% and 13.8%, respectively. Vitamin C, B1, B2, B6 and carotene were 2.2 mg, 0.001 mg, 0.139 mg, 6.8 mg and 0.042 mg per 100g, respectively. Contents of 18 amino acids, EAA/TAA ratio, and EAA/NEAA ratio were 0.2658%, 37.02% and 58.78%, respectively. All kinds of human essential amino acids were in the appropriate proportion, and the first limiting amino acid was Lys. The score of ratio coefficient of amino acids (SRC) was 62.0. The mineral element contents of K, Ca, P, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn were 768.32 mg, 101.64 mg, 98.78 mg, 85.14 mg, 40.62 mg, 36.92 mg, 1.38 mg/kg, 0.84 mg and 0.37 mg in 1 kg, respectively. Twenty-five kinds of volatile components were isolated, including n-hexaldehyde, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, methyl butyrate and 2-ethyl crotonate with their relative contents being of 3.981%, 0.215%, 0.187%, 0.132%, 0.103% and 0.137%, respectively. It suggested that Pyrus sinkiangensis cv. Piteguo was rich in all kinds of nutritional components, which have high exploitation value.